Amit Kumar Rout on LinkedIn: thank you for your knowledgeable post (2024)

*Principle of Dearators ? & Chemical Dosing in Boiler feed water?*Dearator normally works based on the following principles.*Henrys Law*The solubility of the gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure.Therefore if we decrease the partial pressure of the dissolved gas by adding steam in Deaerator, its solubility decreases and the gas is removed from water.*Inverse Solubility of Water*When the temperature of water is increased, the dissolved oxygen content in the water decreases.Therefore the water temperature is increased by adding steam in Deaerator, the dissolved gas solubility is decreased and the gases are removed from the water.*Chemical Dosing in Boiler feed water * Ammonia and hydrazine/Eliminox are use in LP dosing.where it was dosed in low pressure side before BFW Pump or in dearator.Trisodium Phosphate(TSP) is used as HP dosing, it is dosed in boiler drum.1. Ammonia - to maintain pH range in boiler feed water which further helps in stability of protective layer inside boiler tubes, this protective layer prevents oxidation.Ammonia is used to boost or increase the pH of boiler feed water which is taken from pre- treatment plant i.e demineralization plant as we all know that the pH level of water from demin plant is as low as 6.0 which is not too good for high pressure boiler.Feed water has to alkalized to PH of 9 or little high (high alkalized solution causes caustic corrosion), to reduce and to support the formation of a stable layer of Magnetite on water side surface of boiler, protecting metal from further corrosion.NH3(aq) + H2O(liq)--> NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)2. Hydrazine/Eliminox - also known as oxygen scavenger, as the name suggests, it helps in scavenging out oxygen from boiler feed water, which further helps in prohibition corrosion in tubes.N2H4 (Hydrazine)+ O2 -->H2O + N2Hydrazine react with Fe2O3 in the boiler water to form a passive magnetite film on the boiler surface preventing form the corrosion.3. Trisodium Phosphate - reacts with salts like Mg++ or Ca++ in feed water and forms sludge with them, which is taken out with continuous blowdown (CBD). It also helps in maintaining pH.CaCl2 or MgCl2 + Na3PO4 --> Ca3(PO4)3 or Mg3(PO4)2 (sludge) + NaCl.Na3PO4 + 3CaSO4 or 3MgSO4 -->3NaSO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 or Mg3(PO4)2 (sludge)TSP as PH Booster-:Na3PO4 + H2O --> Na2HPO4 + NaOHNote: Tri sodium phosphate was most effective at 270 to 340 degree celcius only. other wise it cause Phosphate hide out.*What is phosphate hideout problem inboilers?*Phosphate Hideout:- When the concentration of phosphate in the boiler water is too high, phosphate will react with boiler scale forming iron and iron sodium phosphates or precipitate to form a solid phase on the hot boiler tube surfaces and elsewhere. This phenomenon is called phosphate hideout and it can result in changes of pH, as well as the concentrations of phosphate and other chemical species in the boiler water.

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*Principle of Dearators ? & Chemical Dosing in Boiler feed water?*Dearator normally works based on the following principles.*Henrys Law*The solubility of the gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure.Therefore if we decrease the partial pressure of the dissolved gas by adding steam in Deaerator, its solubility decreases and the gas is removed from water.*Inverse Solubility of Water*When the temperature of water is increased, the dissolved oxygen content in the water decreases.Therefore the water temperature is increased by adding steam in Deaerator, the dissolved gas solubility is decreased and the gases are removed from the water.*Chemical Dosing in Boiler feed water * Ammonia and hydrazine are use in LP dosing.where it was dosed in low pressure side before BFW Pump or in dearator.Trisodium Phosphate(TSP) is used as HP dosing, it is dosed in boiler drum.1. Ammonia - to maintain pH range in boiler feed water which further helps in stability of protective layer inside boiler tubes, this protective layer prevents oxidation.Ammonia is used to boost or increase the pH of boiler feed water which is taken from pre- treatment plant i.e demineralization plant as we all know that the pH level of water from demin plant is as low as 6.0 which is not too good for high pressure boiler.Feed water has to alkalized to PH of 9 or little high (high alkalized solution causes caustic corrosion), to reduce and to support the formation of a stable layer of Magnetite on water side surface of boiler, protecting metal from further corrosion.NH3(aq) + H2O(liq)--> NH4+(aq) + OH- (aq)2. Hydrazine - also known as oxygen scavenger, as the name suggests, it helps in scavenging out oxygen from boiler feed water, which further helps in prohibition corrosion in tubes.N2H4 (Hydrazine)+ O2 -->H2O + N2Hydrazine react with Fe2O3 in the boiler water to form a passive magnetite film on the boiler surface preventing form the corrosion.3. Trisodium Phosphate - reacts with salts like Mg++ or Ca++ in feed water and forms sludge with them, which is taken out with continuous blowdown (CBD). It also helps in maintaining pH.CaCl2 or MgCl2 + Na3PO4 --> Ca3(PO4)3 or Mg3(PO4)2 (sludge) + NaCl.Na3PO4 + 3CaSO4 or 3MgSO4 -->3NaSO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 or Mg3(PO4)2 (sludge)TSP as PH Booster-:Na3PO4 + H2O --> Na2HPO4 + NaOHNote: Tri sodium phosphate was most effective at 270 to 340 degree celcius only. other wise it cause Phosphate hide out.*What is phosphate hideout problem inboilers?*Phosphate Hideout:- When the concentration of phosphate in the boiler water is too high, phosphate will react with boiler scale forming iron and iron sodium phosphates or precipitate to form a solid phase on the hot boiler tube surfaces and elsewhere. This phenomenon is called phosphate hideout and it can result in changes of pH, as well as the concentrations of phosphate and other chemical species in the boiler water.

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The specific type of boiler chemicals that is needed will depend on :1)Type of boiler2)Type of water being used3)Operating conditions of the boiler. Boiler chemicals are used to improve the efficiency, safety, and lifespan of boilers. They perform a variety of functions, including:1)Preventing corrosion:Corrosion is a major cause of boiler failure,and boiler chemicals can help to prevent corrosion by neutralizing corrosive acids and protecting the boiler's metal surfaces.2)Preventing scale buildup:Scale is a hard deposit that can build up on the boiler's heating surfaces,which can reduce heat transfer efficiency and lead to overheating and damage.Boiler chemicals can help to prevent scale buildup by chelating hardness minerals and keeping them in solution.3)Preventing foaming and carryover:Foaming and carryover can occur when boiler water becomes too concentrated with dissolved solids,which can lead to water droplets being carried over into the steam line.This can cause damage to steam turbines and other equipment.Boiler chemicals can help to prevent foaming and carryover by controlling the concentration of dissolved solids in the boiler water.4)Maintaining pH balance:The pH balance of boiler water is important for preventing corrosion and scale buildup.Boiler chemicals can help to maintain the pH balance within the desired range.5)Protecting against microbiological growth:Microorganisms can grow in boiler water and cause corrosion and other problems.Boiler chemicals can help to prevent microbiological growth by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.Specific boiler chemicals are used for different purposes. Some of the most common types of boiler chemicals include:-Oxygen scavengers-Chelating agents-Antifoaming agents-pH control agents-Biocides

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Chemical dosing system in steam boilers:A chemical dosing system in steam boilers is a mechanism used to introduce chemicals into the boiler feedwater to improve water quality and prevent issues such as corrosion, scaling, and biological growth. The primary purpose of a chemical dosing system is to ensure the efficient and safe operation of the steam boiler by treating the water that goes into it.Here are some key aspects of a chemical dosing system in steam boilers:Types of Chemicals Used:Anti-scaling agents: Prevent the deposition of scale (mineral deposits) on heat transfer surfaces.Corrosion inhibitors: Protect metal surfaces from corrosion.Dispersants: Help in preventing the agglomeration of suspended particles.Biocides: Control the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in the water.Dosage Control:The dosing system is designed to control the precise amount of chemicals added to the boiler feedwater.Dosage control ensures that the right amount of chemicals is introduced to achieve the desired water chemistry without overdosing.Injection Points:Chemicals are typically injected at various points in the feedwater system, including the feedwater tank, deaerator, or directly into the boiler.Injection points are strategically chosen to ensure thorough mixing and distribution of chemicals.Monitoring and Control:The dosing system often includes sensors and controllers to monitor key parameters such as pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen.Automation helps maintain optimal water chemistry levels, reducing the need for manual adjustments.Safety Considerations:Safety features are incorporated to prevent over-dosing or under-dosing of chemicals. Chemicals used in the dosing system should comply with safety and environmental standards.Regular Maintenance:Regular inspection and maintenance of the dosing equipment are essential to ensure its proper functioning.Maintenance activities may include cleaning, calibration, and replacement of components.Compatibility:The dosing system and chemicals used should be compatible with the materials of construction in the boiler system to avoid any adverse reactions.Proper water treatment through a well-designed and maintained chemical dosing system helps extend the life of the boiler, improve energy efficiency, and minimize the risk of boiler failures due to scale, corrosion, or other water-related issues. It is crucial to follow industry guidelines and standards when implementing and maintaining a chemical dosing system in steam boilers.#Steam #Boilers #SteamBoiler #BoilerEngineers #Engineers #Engineer #Industry #Utility #Utilities #Mechanical #Chemical #Electrical #Civil #Chemistry #Chemist #Fertilizers #Cement #Textile #Pharma #Ejaaz #ELearningIn #Learning #LinkedIn #Chemical #Laboratory #Quality #QualityControl #QC #QA #PlantOperation #PlantMaintenance #PlantProduction #Safety #Hazard #MST #Power #PowerPlant #PowerGeneration

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Deionization of Water for Boiler Feed Water in an Ammonia PlantIn an ammonia plant, the production of steam is an essential step in the process of manufacturing ammonia. The quality of water used to generate steam is crucial, as any impurities can cause scale formation, corrosion, and affect the overall efficiency of the process. Therefore, the deionization of water is a necessary step to producing high-quality boiler feed water, which is critical for the efficient operation and maintenance of the ammonia plant's boilers.Deionization, also known as demineralization, is the process of removing charged mineral ions from water. This process is typically achieved through the use of ion exchange resins, which are designed to remove ions such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, and others. The ion exchange resins are placed in a column, and water is passed through the bed of resin. The charged ions present in the water exchange places with ions present on the resin, which results in the removal of the minerals from the water.The deionization of water is necessary because boiler feed water must be of high purity to prevent scale formation and corrosion. Scale formation occurs when dissolved minerals precipitate to form solid deposits on the surface of the boiler. These deposits can lead to reduced heat transfer rates and hot spots, which can eventually cause tube failures. Furthermore, high levels of minerals in the water can cause corrosion, which can lead to leaks and severe damage to the boiler.To prepare water for use as boiler feed water in an ammonia plant, it is essential to monitor the quality of the incoming water and determine the appropriate treatment steps. Deionization through ion exchange is often used in combination with other treatment steps such as filtration, chemical dosing, and reverse osmosis to produce high-quality boiler feed water. In conclusion, deionization of water is a crucial step in preparing high-quality boiler feed water for ammonia plant boilers. By removing the minerals and impurities from the water, scale formation and corrosion are prevented, ensuring efficient and safe operation of the unit.

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IS 8188 (1999): Treatment of Water for Cooling Towers -Code of Practice [CHD 13: Water Quality for IndustrialPurposes]This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Water Quality Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council Large quantities of water are used for cooling purpose in various industries like power plants, distilleries, oil refineries, chemical plants, steel mills, petrochemical complexes, etc However, water as received from the source may not be quite fit due to variation in its quality from source to source Corrosion, scale deposition and fouling invariably pose problems in cooling water system, leading many a times to failures, unscheduled shutdowns and loss of production In order to overcome any adverse effect it is usually necessary to carry out treatment of the water before it is used for cooling in the plant This standard provides a general guideline for selecting suitable treatment schemes of water for industrial cooling system and also suggests for optimum cooling water quality, which should be tried to achieve for efficient operation of the cooling system This standard was first published in 1976 Since then the real life data obtained during the implementation of this standard and the comments received from the users of this standard have prompted the Committee to consider the following aspects in revising this standard in order to ensure better evaluation of the performance of cooling system and effective monitoring and maintenance of the same a) biocide efficacy, b) selection of corrosion inhibitor, c) assessment of corrosion, d) interpretation of bio-analysis report, and e) guidelines for optimum dosage of inhibitors In this revision, the following aspects have been elaborated based on the experience gained during the past and also in view of the technological development taken place a) selection of cooling system, b) methods of treatment, and c) evaluation and monitoring of the system The salient features of water quality for recirculating type cooling system are described in 7.1.3 of this standard In the preparation of this standard, useful assistance has been derived from the following publications NORDELL (E) Water treatment for industrial and other uses Ed 2, 1961, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York Betz handbook of industrial water conditioning, Ed 6, 1962 Betz Laboratories lnc , Trevose, Penns/ Ivania Primer on cooling water treating, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, USA Nalco water handbook by Frank N Kemmer (second edition) — Published by McGraw Hill Book Company Sheldon D Strauss — Cooling water treatment for control of scaling, fouling, corrosion

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DICE™ PVDF Dosing Modules Used for Water TreatmentThe DICE™ Dosing Module is now available in PVDF acid chemical feed systems. Foust Marketing helped assist our distribution partner to secure 15 newly installed DICE™ PVDF Dosing Modules for a critical chemical water treatment application. The end-user selected the PVDF units over competitive systems due to it’s chemical compatibility with a wide variety of chemicals, the leak-free design, and compact footprint.The DICE™ dosing module integrates all the necessary discharge components required for a typical chemical dosing system. The block type design allows for a compact and reliable product. The significantly reduced number of connections is a major benefit and decreases the leakage potential.All wet end components are made in PVDF for chemical resistance. The DICE™ Dosing Module in PVDF helps address some key concerns with chemical feed systems. The PVDF units will help reduce risk to potential damage to process equipment due to poor control or leaking of hazardous chemicals. For more product information, visit DICE Dosing Module.https://ow.ly/cXh750Px5UW

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Did you know that ASME pressure vessels play a vital role in the field of Wastewater Treatment, ensuring safe and efficient operations? Here are some ways they are utilized:1.Chemical Storage: ASME pressure vessels are commonly used to store various chemicals involved in wastewater treatment processes. These chemicals include sodium hydroxide, methanol, and sulfuric acid. The vessels ensure safe containment and prevent leaks or spills.2.Heat Exchangers: Pressure vessels serve as heat exchangers in wastewater treatment plants. They facilitate the transfer of heat between different fluids, such as heating or cooling water during treatment processes.3.Mixing Tanks: ASME vessels are employed as mixing tanks. They allow thorough blending of chemicals, additives, or coagulants with wastewater to enhance treatment efficiency.4.Reactors: Pressure vessels act as reactors for chemical reactions within the treatment process. For instance, they may be used for oxidation, chlorination, or other chemical treatments.5.Sanitization and Disinfection: ASME pressure vessels play a role in sanitizing and disinfecting wastewater. They store disinfectants like chlorine or ozone, which are crucial for killing harmful microorganisms.6.Cooling Systems: Some wastewater treatment processes generate heat. Pressure vessels are used for cooling applications, ensuring that the treated water reaches an appropriate temperature before discharge.7.Purification: ASME vessels are part of purification systems. They store treated water before it is released into the environment or reused for non-potable purposes.8.Storage Tanks: Throughout the treatment process, pressure vessels serve as storage tanks. They hold treated water, untreated water, and various chemicals. Proper storage is essential for maintaining consistent treatment operations.9.Corrosion Resistance: ASME pressure vessels are designed to withstand the highly corrosive nature of chemicals used in wastewater treatment. Materials such as stainless steel, nickel alloys, and specialty metals are chosen to prevent corrosion and ensure longevity.10.Compliance with Standards: These vessels comply with industry standards such as ASME, TEMA, and API codes. Rigorous inspections and adherence to regulations guarantee their safety and reliability.As you can see ASME pressure vessels contribute significantly to efficient and effective wastewater treatment supporting environmental protection and public health.For more information on custom pressure vessels and/or to request a quote, please vis Click Here!

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Did you know that ASME pressure vessels play a vital role in the field of Wastewater Treatment, ensuring safe and efficient operations? Here are some ways they are utilized:1.Chemical Storage: ASME pressure vessels are commonly used to store various chemicals involved in wastewater treatment processes. These chemicals include sodium hydroxide, methanol, and sulfuric acid. The vessels ensure safe containment and prevent leaks or spills.2.Heat Exchangers: Pressure vessels serve as heat exchangers in wastewater treatment plants. They facilitate the transfer of heat between different fluids, such as heating or cooling water during treatment processes.3.Mixing Tanks: ASME vessels are employed as mixing tanks. They allow thorough blending of chemicals, additives, or coagulants with wastewater to enhance treatment efficiency.4.Reactors: Pressure vessels act as reactors for chemical reactions within the treatment process. For instance, they may be used for oxidation, chlorination, or other chemical treatments.5.Sanitization and Disinfection: ASME pressure vessels play a role in sanitizing and disinfecting wastewater. They store disinfectants like chlorine or ozone, which are crucial for killing harmful microorganisms.6.Cooling Systems: Some wastewater treatment processes generate heat. Pressure vessels are used for cooling applications, ensuring that the treated water reaches an appropriate temperature before discharge.7.Purification: ASME vessels are part of purification systems. They store treated water before it is released into the environment or reused for non-potable purposes.8.Storage Tanks: Throughout the treatment process, pressure vessels serve as storage tanks. They hold treated water, untreated water, and various chemicals. Proper storage is essential for maintaining consistent treatment operations.9.Corrosion Resistance: ASME pressure vessels are designed to withstand the highly corrosive nature of chemicals used in wastewater treatment. Materials such as stainless steel, nickel alloys, and specialty metals are chosen to prevent corrosion and ensure longevity.10.Compliance with Standards: These vessels comply with industry standards such as ASME, TEMA, and API codes. Rigorous inspections and adherence to regulations guarantee their safety and reliability.As you can see ASME pressure vessels contribute significantly to efficient and effective wastewater treatment supporting environmental protection and public health.For more information on custom pressure vessels and/or to request a quote, please vis Click Here!

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